Allocating Ex-post Deviation Cost of Virtual Power Plants in Distribution Networks

Virtual power plants (VPPs) including distributed generation, energy storage, and elastic load are emerging in distribution networks. Multiple VPPs can participate electricity market as an aggregated entity effective cost allocation mechanism among is a crucial issue. This paper focuses on allocating ex-post of incurred by deviation between actual ex-ante schedule two-settlement market. We obtain approximate quadratic formulation considering network loss develop analytical algorithm based cooperative game theory. The allocated consistent with causation principle provides incentive for aggregation. proposed method relevant theoretical result evaluated verified numerical tests.